qertop.blogg.se - A list of chemical elements

Since 118 elements have been discovered, over 100 phonetic components are used in naming the elements.

For each element character, this is a unique phonetic component. The phonetic (sound) part represents the character's pronunciation and is a partial transliteration of the element. Only four radicals are used for elements: 釒/ 钅 ( jīn "gold metal") for solid metals, 石 ( shí "stone, rock") for solid non-metals, 水/ 氵 ( shuǐ "water") for liquids, and 气 ( qì "air, steam") for gases. It refers to the element's usual state at room temperature and standard pressure. The semantic (meaning) part is also the radical of the character. Each character consists of two parts, one to signify the meaning and the other to hint at the sound: These new elements therefore required new characters, which were invented using the phono-semantic principle. However, the Chinese did not know about most of the elements until they were isolated during the Industrial Age.

sulfur (硫) had been used to make gunpowder since at least the 10th century in China.Ĭharacters based on European pronunciations.

Some non-metals were already named in Chinese as well, because their minerals were in widespread use. These include the long-established group of "Five Metals" (五金) - gold (金), silver (銀/银), copper (銅/铜), iron (鐵/铁), and tin (錫/锡) - as well as lead (鉛/铅) and mercury (汞). Some metallic elements were already familiar to the Chinese, as their ores were already excavated and used extensively in China for construction, alchemy, and medicine. New names and symbols are decided upon by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology. Unlike characters for unofficial varieties of Chinese (e.g., written Cantonese) or other now-defunct ad hoc characters (e.g., those by the Empress Wu), the names for the elements are official, consistent, and taught (with Mandarin pronunciation) to every Chinese and Taiwanese student who has attended public schools (usually by the first year of middle school). In Chinese, characters for the elements are the last officially created and recognized characters in the Chinese writing system. Native phonetic writing systems are primarily used for element names in Japanese ( Katakana), Korean ( Hangul) and Vietnamese ( chữ Quốc ngữ). While most East Asian languages use-or have used-the Chinese script, only the Chinese language uses logograms as the predominant way of naming elements.

Except for those metals well-known since antiquity, the names of most elements were created after modern chemistry was introduced to East Asia in the 18th and 19th centuries, with more translations being coined for those elements discovered later. A few elements have symbols derived from their Latin names as given in the table below.The names for chemical elements in East Asian languages, along with those for some chemical compounds (mostly organic), are among the newest words to enter the local vocabularies.

Many elements have their symbol derived from either the first letter or the first two letters of their names. An atom of an element is denoted by this symbol. Each element has a chemical symbol that is unique to it. The symbol is the short form or abbreviated name of the element. Scientists have adopted certain conventions regarding the chemical symbols for various elements. What are the Latin Names of Chemical Elements? Chemistry : Elements and Chemical Symbols - Latin Names